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Tiger shark
The tiger shark (''Galeocerdo cuvier'') is a species of requiem shark and the only extant member of the genus ''Galeocerdo''. Commonly known as the "Sea Tiger", the tiger shark is a relatively large macropredator, capable of attaining a length over .〔 It is found in many tropical and temperate waters, and it is especially common around central Pacific islands. Its name derives from the dark stripes down its body which resemble a tiger's pattern, which fade as the shark matures.〔
The tiger shark is a solitary, mostly nocturnal hunter, and is notable for having the widest food spectrum of all sharks, consuming a variety of prey ranging from crustaceans, fish, seals, birds, squid, turtles, and sea snakes to dolphins and even other smaller sharks. The tiger shark has been known to eat inedible manmade objects that linger in its stomach, and it has a reputation as a "garbage eater".〔 While the tiger shark sits atop the food chain as an apex predator, killer whales have been known on occasion to prey on them.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/video/sciencetech/video-1122910/Incredible-moment-killer-whales-hunt-kill-tiger-shark.html )〕 The tiger shark is considered a near threatened species due to finning and fishing by humans.〔
==Taxonomy==
The shark was first described by Peron and Lessueur in 1822, and was given the name ''Squalus cuvier''.〔 Müller and Henle in 1837 renamed it ''Galeocerdo tigrinus''.〔 The genus, ''Galeocerdo'', is derived from the Greek ''galeos'', which means shark, and the Latin ''cerdus'', the word for the hard hairs of pigs.〔 It is often colloquially called the man-eater shark.〔
The tiger shark is a member of the order Carcharhiniformes, the most species-rich order of sharks, with more than 270 species also including the small catsharks and hammerhead sharks.〔 Members of this order are characterized by the presence of a nictitating membrane over the eyes, two dorsal fins, an anal fin, and five gill slits. It is the largest member of the Carcharhinidae family, commonly referred to as requiem sharks. This family consists of mostly slender but powerful mid- to large-sized sharks and includes some other well-known sharks, such as the blue shark (''Prionace glauca''), lemon shark (''Negaprion brevirostris''), and bull shark (''Carcharhinus leucas'').〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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